DISCOVERY OF CANCER DRUGS

 Doctors and scientists always strive to come up with the best cure for cancer. One effective way to do this is to create and study new drugs. They also discover new ways to use drugs that are available on the market. 

It is a very long process to get drugs approved as well the development of it goes on for a very long period. Researchers test a drug very thoroughly before allowing it to be prescribed to a patient, research makes sure that the drug won’t have drastic side effects in its aftermath. These processes require considerable resources and a long time. This is the reason why it takes business time to get ground to deal in ADME services   The exact time it takes to pass it from an idea to development and approval varies. 

THERE ARE 3 MAIN STEPS

Preclinical research comes in when the drug is found and first tested. 

Clinical research is when the drug is tested upon people. 

Post-clinical research happens after the drug has been approved and sent for further studies. 

THE AUTHORITY THAT DEVELOPS NEW CANCER DRUGS.

Medical research universities, government agencies like the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and pharmaceutical companies have the authority to check and test new drugs. In drug research, the sponsor is a tribe that develops a drug. They do the initial research needed for the US FDA to approve the drug. The FBA does not have the authority to develop and test drugs.

WHAT LEADS TO THE CREATION OF CANCER DRUGS?

The discovery of cancer drugs happens in multiple ways.

INCIDENTAL DISCOVERY

Sometimes it is an accident that acts as a blessing in disguise. For instance, in early 1940 an explosion presented sailors with mustard gas. Doctors were baffled to find these sailors have low white cell blood count. They use byproducts of mustard gas to treat Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system which incorporates white blood cells. Nitrogen mustard is still a good remedy to cure cancer ailments. Accidental discoveries like this happen rarely when you have a good run of luck.

Organically finding through testing of plant, animal, fungi

SOME CANCER TREATMENTS ARE PRODUCTS OF NATURE.

For example, taxol treats several kinds of cancer. It was first seen in the bark of the Pacific yew tree. And the cancer drug eribulin was extracted from the sea sponge, a small ocean animal. There are many sides to it some are also tied into drug discovery with oncology  The NCI posses samples of thousands of plants, marine organisms, bacteria, and fungi. There are amassed from the world with aim of finding new cancer treatment.      

EXAMINING THE BIOLOGY OF CANCER CELLS.

Researchers can find other ways to treat cancer by analyzing the biology of cancer cells. Comparing the genes found in DNA and studying the growth pattern cancer cell follows gives a kickstart to the research process. By knowing the crux of the problem, the way cancer cell grows researcher can try to find drugs that are adverse to their growth. They also find and make drugs that can laser train themselves at specific genes found in cancer.

For instance, researchers came to the point that about 20 percent of all breast cancer have ungodly amounts of a certain protein. It is called HER2 and stuns the growth and contains the spreading of cancer cells. Multiple drugs have been prepared over the years to cure HER2-positive breast cancer. Whoever is suffering from breast cancer has to test their tumor for the HER2 protein. These tests sometimes spark the hopes of treating cancer. 

COMPREHEND THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE DRUG TARGET. 

Scientists have now the power of computers to depict how potential drugs will endure their target. This is just like simulating the inside operation to look clearly on screen. Research can come up with breakthrough revelation as chemical compounds are found that interact with specific targets.

CREATING THE PRECISE REPLICA OF THE EXISTING DRUGS CALLED BIOSIMILARS.  

Biologic drugs are composed of living things like cells, tissues, or proteins. Biosimilar drugs are visually the same as the existing biologic drug that has already been approved by the FDA. this must be assured the same degree of security.  It only gets approved when it exhibits the same function and structure to reference drugs. There must not be a discrepancy between reference drugs and biosimilar drugs. The minor differences are considerable. 

HOW ARE NEW CANCER DRUGS TESTED DURING CLINICAL TRIALS?

Once a drug has been proven to be effective in midst of preclinical research, then it becomes necessary for it to be pitied upon the people through clinical trials. To encapsulate it beautifully it all the efforts happen in this phase bring about preclinical development solution 

Before new drugs go for tests which obviously happen to people, the sponsor must prepare an investigational new drug application and submit it to the FDA. and fill the sponsor in on the past and future research plans.  It also incorporates the preclinical studies done in the lab and in animals.

   The FDS has its own conditions which need to be met in order to get a drug approved by FDA. the conditions which FDA layout are

The research proves that the drug is certain to work and is safe.

The proposed clinical trials are planned out correctly.

The drug could be invented the same way every time.

Clinical trials are a system to find out if the new drug is effective and better than current treatments. Before FDA approval, clinical trials for medication should pass through 3 phases. The early phases of clinical trials are majorly concerned with drug safety. It’s dosing, and how the body conforms itself to the drug. The later phase shows how quickly the drug works. Each phase demand for workforce increase as they move to next.